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Limiting global warming to 1.5°C avoids a two-thirds increase in people exposed to drought compared to 3°C. The increased number of people at risk of fluvial flooding is reduced by two thirds
Additional people exposed to climate change risks (millions)
Coastal flooding
67.4 million 1.5C 69.9 million 2C 75.8 million 3C 79.0 million 4C
Drought
64.5 million 1.5C 103.3 million 2C 189.3 million 3C 279.0 million 4C
Fluvial flooding
0.9 million 1.5C 1.7 million 2C 3.4 million 3C 6.4 million 4C
Economic impact of fluvial flooding (millions USD)
*Total of Direct and Indirect impacts
Economic impact
$1,959 M 1.5C $2,784 M 2C $4,174 M 3C $6,671 M 4C
Crop yield loss and gain (percent)
Maize
-7.5 % 1.5C -10.6 % 2C -16.6 % 3C -22.2 % 4C
Wheat
-2.8 % 1.5C -4.2 % 2C -7.2 % 3C -10.4 % 4C
Soy Bean
2.3 % 1.5C 3.2 % 2C 4.4 % 3C 5.1 % 4C
Rice
2.5 % 1.5C 3.4 % 2C 4.7 % 3C 5.3 % 4C
Limiting global warming to 1.5°C avoids loss of half of plant and animal refuges and 20% of pollination services, compared to 3°C
Biodiversity loss (percent)
Climate refugia for plants remaining
(% country land area)
71.0 % 1.5C 53.0 % 2C 36.0 % 3C 29.0 % 4C
Climate refugia for vertebrates remaining
(% country land area)
80.0 % 1.5C 66.0 % 2C 44.0 % 3C 37.0 % 4C
Loss of pollination as ecosystem service
19.9 % 1.5C 24.8 % 2C 35.7 % 3C 43.5 % 4C
Population year 2000. Climate baseline period 1961-1990. Coastal flooding assumes existing sea-defences are maintained. Economic climate projections baseline 1985-2015. Economic & annual GDP baseline 2011.
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